Timeline: Should Statement
Source Write-up
Topic: Mandated Parental Consent for Minors to Receive Contraceptive
Category: Academic funded Institutionally
Title: Confidential Reproductive Health Services for Minors: The Potential Impact of Mandated Parental Involvement for Contraception
Rachel K Jones, Heather Boonstra
Perspective on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 36, No. 5 pp. 182-191
Published 2004
http://www.jstor.org/pss/1520223
Source Summary:
Advocates for Parental Involvement – such as the US Conference of Catholic Bishops and Concerned Women for America
American Medical Association
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Society for Adolescent Medicine
The source recaps a study that questions whether parental involvement should be necessary for teenagers to get contraceptives. The results of the research conclude that teen pregnancy will increase if laws mandated parental involvement since teenagers would be less likely to speak with their parents about the issue. Several reputable medical associations have agreed that these resources should be available, while conservative and/or religious groups lean on increased parental involvement and a focus on family values.
Source Analysis:
The funding for this study was provided by the Guttmacher Institute, a nonprofit organization that specializes in the advancement of sexual and reproductive health research through science and debate. Initially founded in 1968 as the Center for Family Planning Program Development at the urging of Presidents Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon, they specialize in raising public awareness on sexual health. The Institute itself has a budget of $12 million annually, provided by donations and occasional grants that they use to research sexual education. The information is then considered when new political policies are written that based on the findings. They generate some revenue from the sale of peer-review journals, such as the source in question.
Usefulness:
This source disproves the commonly held belief that the cure to every child’s problems is increased parental involvement. The document was created to argue against proposed legislation that would make gaining contraceptives impossible for teenagers. Though some states already have this measure in place, the research is hoping to prevent the adoption of this plan on a federal scale. The audience being addressed is comprised of peers and policy makers, however the language is easy enough to follow. The argument put forth is that more parental involvement may distance families and lead to more teen pregnancies; teenagers would struggle to find contraceptives. However, the conclusion and theories asserted here are not backed up by statistical certainty, so there is no way to say for certain that this is the only possible outcome of the proposed legislation.
Works Cited:
Confidential Reproductive Health Services for Minors: The Potential Impact of Mandated Parental Involvement for Contraception. Rachel K. Jones and Heather Boonstra. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 36, No. 5 (Sep. – Oct., 2004), pp. 182-191. Guttmacher Institute. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1520223>.
The Guttmacher Institute History. <http://www.guttmacher.org/about/history.html>.
FactCheckEd.org. <http://www.factchecked.org/SFTS_PolicyWonksDetails.aspx?myId=34>.
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Topic: Teen Pregnancy
Category: Government Institution Publication & Government Website
Title: Oregon Teen Pregnancy Prevention Action Agenda: Curriculum Guide
Oregon Governor’s Task Force on Skills for Life and Responsible Sexuality Education
Salem, Oregon 2000
Published by the State of Oregon
http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/children/teens/tpp/taskforce.shtml
Accessed: February 5th, 2010
*note: No changes since previous visits at start of project in early January and most of the material posted dates as far back as 2003.
Source Summary:
Belit Stockfleth – State worker assigned to teen parent cases
Sandra Harms – Abstinence program contact
Bill Baney – Co Chair of OTPTF (Oregon Teen Pregnancy Task Force)
Ely Sanders – Co Chair of OTPTF
AmeriCorp
Funded by the state as a way to promote youth involvement in sex education. The document outlines the projected curriculum for sexual education to be taught in the Oregon school system. These sources as a whole offer a direct representation of the State stand on the issue and how they are hoping to combat it. The State issued employee will be able to explain all the options taken into consider for each case and how they are handled on a timely basis. The Abstinence program will provide a more centered approach on a method that has seen severe criticism for its failure in recent years. AmeriCorp is a series of volunteers who are not State mandated and are free of political red tape, but may have their options limited by their volunteer element.
Source Analysis:
Though the title of the document veers away from the “abstinence-only” approach that some Christian groups support, the lack of updates to the curriculum since 2000 are unsettling. Facts about sexually transmitted diseases have changed drastically in the past decade, as well as prevention techniques. These options should be considered in a more recent teaching outline. The Oregon government site deals with a selection of issues that effect the general welfare of the people. Alcohol/drug addiction, domestic abuse, and teen pregnancy are all subjects that services exist to assist with. The direct government voice gives the absolute rule on how the legislature views the issue as well as treats it. With the data and publication information also made available on the page, it’s easy to see if the plans in place are a success or failure. Since these programs are government funded, most likely publically through tax dollars, they feel the need to allow the information on their progress/failure to be obvious. There is public access to the site for the people of Oregon to compare if how their state ranks amongst others.
Usefulness:
This demonstrates the tools provided to educators and children to combat the issue of teen pregnancy. It also proves the government’s lack of commitment to the ongoing issue with the continued use of outdated information. The costs listed on the government site illustrate for the taxpayer the growing costs on the general population when teen pregnancy rises. Seeing the official facts on the issue make the truth easier to dissect with less of a vested interest involved in the State’s official report. The posted statistics here are three years old however, leading the viewer to wonder how concerned the government truly is with the issue. There is information lacking about what techniques seem to be help or hurt the rate, with most of the Blueprint for Success also being outdated by several years.
Works Cited
Oregon.gov. <http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/children/teens/tpp/taskforce.shtml>.
AmeriCorp. <AmeriCorp.gov>
Caplan, Arthur. “Abstinence-Only Ed Defies Common Sense”. MSNBC. 2005 Oct 13. <http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9504871/>.
The National Campaign. <http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/state-data/state-comparisons.asp?id=3&sID=19>.
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Topic: The Effect of Sexual Abuse on Teen Pregnancy
Category: Academic/Journalistic
Title: The Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Teenage Pregnancy
Mark W Roosa, Jenn-Yun Tein, Cindy Reinholtz, Patricia Jo Angelini
Journal of Marriage and Family [0022-2445]
Published by the National Council of Family Relations
1997 Volume 59 Issue 1 pages 119-130
Source Summary:
Mark W Roosa – Arizona State University
Jenn-Yun Tein – Arizona State University Program for Prevention Research
Cindy Reinholtz – Arizona Family Planning Council
Patricia Jo Angelini – Arizona Family Planning Council
The source refers to older statistics collected by the Guttmacher Institute in its analysis. The voices heard here are representative of the educational standpoint of possible causes of teen pregnancy as well as those interested in working with the issue hands on. They work together by contrasting the factual evidence with that of possible emotional explanations. Teenagers who were sexually abused as children may have emotional repercussions as adults that could lead to pregnancy.
Source Analysis:
The research project was funded by the National Council of Family Relations. The Council was founded in 1938 as place for educators to discuss family relationships and promote general well being. The Council is not government funded or controlled, working with professionals to “focused solely on research, practice and education”. Through conferences and journals, they are able to discuss quality of life at length as well as research effective practices for family use. The material is intended for use by other professionals to use or disprove, creating continuous discussion topics.
Usefulness:
The source seeks to do something that most others neglect to consider – discover a cause of at-risk teenagers. Instead of working against pregnancy, or coping with the life decisions involved with having a child, this article is trying to find a potential red flag amongst young girls. The research offers a collection of possible explanations for why abused girls are more likely to become pregnant at a young age, thought their conclusions also left some room for error. It was proven that sexual abuse alone is not a concrete enough factor. Family influence, socioeconomic background, and school performance were among a few other factors that altered the statistics. Childhood abuse does not definitively lead to unplanned pregnancy at a young age, but it does raise the odds for such an event.
Works Cited:
Roosa, Mark, Jenn-Yun Tein, Cindy Reinholtz, and Patricia Jo Angelini. “The Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Teenage Pregnancy.” , 59.1 (1997): 119-130.
Razoo.com. National Council of Family Relations Summary. <http://www.razoo.com/story/National-Council-On-Family-Relations-14>.
National Council of Family Relations. <http://www.ncfr.org/>.
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Topic: Pregnancy Date Decrease
Category: Journalistic
Title: Pregnancy rate plunges among county’s teens
Meghan Walsh
The World – December 30th, 2009
Source Summary:
Frances Smith – Coos County Public Health Administrator
Randy Robinson – lone supporter of giving contraceptives out in school
The County Health Administrator gives the reader his official rendition of what he believes has led to the decrease in teen pregnancy lately. The primary point – the ready availability of contraceptives – is something that Randy Robinson agrees on. Robinson represents the school board as a regular member aiming to do what’s best for the community. The article gives detailed statistics about the Coos County rate, how much it’s dropped by and since when. It also highlights the increased use of condoms are the main point responsible for the decrease, in contrast to other sources that offer opposing concepts.
Source Analysis:
The article was written to raise local awareness about the successful efforts of the county in lowering teen pregnancy. In condoms more available, Coos County cut their pregnancy numbers in half, without any special curriculum or parenting lectures. Condoms are available at certain high schools in the county, with district and local approval, though the article does not specify whether the cost is taken from the school or county health budget. The journalist it trying to highlight the success with such a tiny effort of the locals, a plan that if put to proper use, could have widespread results. The public is intended to see these results and support the steps taken by the county to ensure a continued decrease.
Usefulness:
The article proves that there are many different ways to battle teen pregnancy. Most sources focus on the information angle and talking to children, but the importance of contraceptive availability is not addressed. In some states, it’s not legal for minors to purchase or receive contraceptives in any way. Coos County’s focus on this point, and its success, should serve as a shining example for other locations battling the same issue. Since the article was published in a public newspaper, it reaches everybody and allows them to understand the status of the problem and possible ways to help. The article does neglect to mention exactly how many schools offer condoms on the premises and how many do not.
Works Cited:
http://www.theworldlink.com/articles/2009/12/30/news/doc4b3ba3425fb77878029264.txt
Sex Etc in Oregon. http://www.sexetc.org/state/OR/#ed>.
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Topic: Comprehensive Sex Education Bill
Category: Institution Website
Title: Oregon Passes Comprehensive Sex Education Bill
Source Summary:
Governor Ted Kulongoski – Advocate on the New 3Rs
Mary Gossart – Vice President of Education for Planned Parenthood of Southwestern Oregon
Approved by the Oregon Board of Education 12-4-2009
The small blurb details that the new legislation has reworked the health education curriculum to have a stronger focus on sex education. The Oregon Administrative Rule details that sex education, though still holding a strong abstinence focus, will not neglect to mention the importance of contraceptives. The Rule continues on to outline mandates on sexual contact, orientation, and diseases that will be discussed. Governor Kulongoski signed the Bill in June, a huge step from the official side. Planned Parenthood is directly involved with unplanned pregnancy; their statement of approval gives the importance of this decision weight.
Source Analysis:
The new approved curriculum has been made mandatory by the government, so they will fund its implementation. The source gives detailed information on exactly what Oregon schools must be teaching teenagers in terms of sex education and disease prevention. The importance of abstinence starts to fade away as a stronger focus on facts is seen in the outline. This plan is developed for educators to work from, giving them the guidelines they will need to rework their teaching schedule. Parents should be interested in this curriculum as well, since they retain the power to remove their child if they do not agree with these terms. As a public decision, everyone has access to it.
Usefulness:
This document was created as the state’s way of attacking the growing teen pregnancy issue. Despite the information on the government website from 2003, this shows that the issue is still in their minds and they are willing to take steps to combat it. As the legislature was just passed in December, the changes that it has made in schools will begin this year. The audience of educators and counselors are being made aware of the important items the state considers relevant in sex education, carefully detailing each point. By making specific sections to discuss sexual orientation and disease, this new curriculum will serve a much broader spectrum of health topics that teenagers should be aware. The new Rule does not explain in detail when this will be implemented entirely, or if it’s being put into effect one district at a time to test its success. This source provides a framework for the future of sex education in the Oregon school system.
Works Cited:
Graves, Bill. “Oregon Senate Passes Sex Education Bill”. The Oregonian. 2009 May 19. <http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/1242692708185370.xml&coll=7>.
SIECUS. <http://www.siecus.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Feature.showFeature&featureID=1774>.
The 3Rs<http://www.new3rs.info/index.php?p=diff_policy_success>.
The 3Rs<http://www.new3rs.info/index.php?p=diff_educators_statute>.
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Topic: History of Teen Pregnancy Policy
Category: Academic
Title: Teen Pregnancy: An Historical Legislative Analysis
Victoria Perez
Student Publication of the Syracuse University Writing Program
Published 2002
Source Summary:
The source does not list any players by name but follows the history of legislative attempts to battle the teen pregnancy epidemic. Everything is arranged chronologically, with a clear explanation of the proposed change and whether or not it passed. The majority of the Acts or Bills offered here failed, a demonstration of the constant debate that has occurred over the issue over the course of the last 30 years.
Source Analysis:
As a student piece, there is no government or institutional funding directly reflecting an agenda on the piece. Before starting her timeline, the writer explains her passion about the ongoing battle and a general disappointment in the lack of government concern she discovered in her research. The project was intended for her professor’s eyes, but through my own research of the historical aspects of teen pregnancy this was one of the more relevant examples. Since the project is posted on the Internet the public has full access to the document without editing. There are careful citations at the end to track where every step came from to understand the proposals in greater depth if necessary.
Usefulness:
This document creates a timeline for when the government felt it needed to intervene in the teen pregnancy epidemic and the steps it took. Most of the proposals did not gain enough support and failed, despite the possible promise of success hidden in the words. The final entry on the timeline, posted 2001 referring to the failed attempt to pass the Family Life Education Act is ironic as the previous source just put into place the very educational policies that the Act could not pass. Though many of these proposals failed on a national level, several have been incorporated into state rulings and have found life. This document serves as a drawing board of ideas that would eventually change the pace of the debate. Since this document is several years old, it does not contain more recent and relevant information concerning teen pregnancy prevention or options.
Works Cited:
Perez, Victoria. “Teen Pregnancy: A Historical Legislative Analysis”. 2002. <http://wrt-intertext.syr.edu/X/perez.html>.
London, Kathleen. “The History of Birth Control”. <http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1982/6/82.06.03.x.html>.
Vinoskis, Maris. “Historical perspectives on adolescent pregnancy and education in the United States”. History of the Family Volume 8 Issue 3. 2003. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W4H-49KGJ19-6&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2003&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1205339663&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=c5118a0387daf03533db2113a82da3bf>.
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Topic: Teen Pregnancy in the 1970s
Category: Academic/Journalistic
Title: Adolescent Parents: A Special Case of the Unplanned Family
John A Bruce
Family Coordinator Volume 27, No. 1 pages 75-78
Published by the National Council on Family Relations 1978
Source Summary:
The source discusses the rise in teen pregnancy as an issue and the effects it is having on the culture as a whole. Girls dropping out of school to birth their first or second children before the age of nineteen is realized to be surprisingly common. There is also mention of a failure of technology in reference to contraceptives and abortion, finding neither option truly successful in terms of lowering the pregnancy rate due to their inconvenience.
Source Analysis:
The source serves as a benchmark to measure how far we’ve come in the 30+ years since teen pregnancy prevention became a serious issue. There is no mention in this piece of either the parent’s failure or the education system’s. There is minimal focus on the danger of STDs – which at the time such a fear did not exist. Instead, the writer focuses on the dark aftermath of these births, the neglected children parented by unprepared teenagers. Contraceptives are portrayed as bothersome and unnecessary, something that could help, but why bother? The project was funded by the National Council on Family Relations thus the points raised also echo those of the government at the time. The primary failure of the youth is their lack of foresight; the inability to plan for the future is what has left them stranded as another statistic. Being a peer-reviewed document, the main focus was to debate the issue with other educated individual in the field, but the journal only manages to come off as idealistic and empty. However, the information available at the time was severely limited in comparison to the present, and these few pages demonstrate that.
Usefulness:
Though the facts and arguments here are plainly out of date, they allow us to understand the process that has been undertaken in the past. These misconceptions and generalizations have been abandoned long ago for the facts and proof we have today about sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy factors. The blame is no longer on the children for their lack of foresight, but rather on their parents or school for their lack of informative harassment. This document was initially created as a way to rational a seemingly irrational conflict. Now it served as a distance reminder, a tribute to all the efforts of tireless volunteers and legislatures who have paved the way for healthier standards. Information that is missing is not done so intentionally, but out of ignorance at the time.
Works Cited:
Bruce, John. “Adolescent Parents: A Special Case of the Unplanned Family.” Family Coordinator, 27.1 (1978): 75-78.
Lachance, Laurie L. ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Personnel Services Ann Arbor MI. 1985. <http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-923/pregnancy.htm>.
Luker, Kristin. “Dubious Conceptions: The Controversy of Teen Pregnancy”. 1991 March 19. <http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=dubious_conceptions_the_controversy_over_teen_pregnancy>.
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Topic: A Comparison of Sex Education in Schools Throughout the Country
Category: Academic funded Institutionally
Title: Factors Associated with the Content of Sex Education in U.S. Public Secondary Schools
David J Landry, Jacqueline E Darroch, Susheela Singh, Jenny Higgins
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Vol. 35, No. 6 pp. 261-269
Published 2003
Source Summary:
David J Landry – Senior Research Associate at the Alan Guttmacher Institute
Jacqueline E Darroch – Senior Vice President, Senior Vice President for Science at the Alan Guttmacher Institute
Susheela Singh – Director of Research at the Alan Guttmacher Institute
Jenny Higgins – Research Intern at the Alan Guttmacher Institute
The story contrasts different sex education curriculum throughout the country. There are a distinct break between the styles that focus on abstinence-only education, and contraceptive positive techniques. Cultural and social backgrounds of the surveyed areas have a huge effect on the way sex education is taught. The journal also explains how these variations in teaching methods may have an impact on the pregnancy rate of the region.
Source Analysis:
The funding for the study was provided by the Guttmacher Institute, which published it in their journal series. Less politically motivated as some of their other entries, this one has a square focus on educational reform. Several interested parties teamed up to collaborate on this research, though Guttmacher published the final conclusions. The result proves a split in culture across the country, which has a profound effect on the education system and subsequent sexual practices of its youth. The journal is trying to prove the effectiveness of a uniform technique that would unify the sex education system and leave nothing to uncertainty. As this data is from 1996, recent comparisons would be more telling as many states have adopted the approach proposed here of a more contraceptive friendly system.
Usefulness:
This article gives more explanation to the possible reasons for teen pregnancy trends across the country. With varying sex education lessons, some girls are not learning how to use a condom, or are being lectured about their failure. Oregon has just signed a new curriculum into law, but that it not the case across the country. The data collected here helps paint a vivid picture of the culture differences across the country, specifically the South against the Northeast. A strong family structure, possibly with religious roots, holds the Southern course to a more rigid abstinent standard than its Northern counterpart. Though the direction is aimed for educators or those responsible for educational reform, as with the majority of the Guttmacher publications, they are understandable and relevant to everyone.
Works Cited:
Landry, David, Jacqueline Darroch, Susheela Singh, and Jenny Higgins. “Factors Associated with the Content of Sex Education in U.S. Public Secondary Schools.” , 35.6 (2003): 261-269.
Avert.org. <http://www.avert.org/sex-education.htm>.
Hartmann, Margaret. “Comprehensive Sex-Ed Versus Abstinence-only Programs: A Comparison.” 2009 June 24. Jezebel.com. <http://jezebel.com/5302133/comprehensive-sex-ed-versus-abstinence+only-programs–a-comparison>.
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Topic: Decreased Teen Pregnancy through Parental Involvement
Category: Academic
Title: The Effects of Parental Involvement Laws and the AIDS Epidemic on the Pregnancy and Abortion Rates of Minors
Nancy Altman-Palm, Carol Horton Tremblay
Social Science Quarterly (University of Texas Press)
December 1998 Volume 79 Issue 4 pp. 846-862
Source Summary:
Nancy Altman-Palm – Oregon State University
Carol Horton Tremblay – Oregon State University
The source sums up a body of research complete with charts and mathematical equations to prove a decrease in teen pregnancy as a result of parental involvement laws and the AIDS epidemic. There was minimal margin of error for teenagers who crossed state lines to get abortions that their own states would not permit. The research concludes that the riskier sex becomes, the less likely teenagers are to experiment with it.
Source Analysis:
The information is arranged for peers in the field to sort through and understand – the mathematical forms are not meant for the layman. However the point they are expressing makes logical sense – the more danger involved, the less takers. In states where minors cannot receive contraceptives or abortions legally without parental involvement, pregnancy rates decrease. Teenagers would rather abstain from sex or find more careful loopholes than discuss their activities with their parents. AIDS is a legitimate concern for sexually active persons of all ages, though it’s a factor that reckless youth is quick to forget on occasion. The University of Texas funded the project for academic purposes and to be debated or refuted amongst the educational sphere.
Usefulness:
This information is useful as an interesting counterpoint to my previous source that found parental involvement a less vital factor in teen pregnancy. However, the specifics of this document include abortion, which the other source did not. The document was created as a means to explain possible trends that lead to declines so that those patterns could be implemented to keep rates low. The argument being put forward here is the more dangerous sex is portrayed to teenagers, the less likely they are to gamble with their lives. The embarrassment of discussing sex with parents is usually what prevents minors from getting contraceptive in parental involvement states, but if abortion is illegal as well they can’t even gamble with unsafe sex with that as a backup plan. The document doesn’t list which states are parental involvement and which are not, so it is difficult to understand exactly how many states fit this demographic.
Works Cited:
Altman-Palm, Nancy, Carol Horton Tremblay, and Carol Horton Tremblay. “The Effects of Parental Involvement Laws and the AIDS Epidemic on the Pregnancy and Abortion Rates of Minors.” Social Science Quarterly (University of Texas Press), 79.4 (1998): 846-862.
Turnbull, Triece; Van Wersch, Anna; Van Schaik, Paul. “A review of parental involvement in sex education: The role for effective communication in British families”. Health Education Journal Volume 67 Number 3. 2008. <http://hej.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/67/3/182>.
Smith, Peter J. “Study: Religiosity and Parental Involvement in Sex-Ed Protect Youth from Risky Behaviors”. 2009 Sept 30. LifeSiteNews.com. <http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2009/sep/09093001.html>.
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Topic: Economic and Social Cost of Teen Pregnancy
Category: Journalistic
Title: Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs & Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy
Saul Hoffman, Rebecca Maynard
Washington DC: Urban Institute Press
Published 2008
Source Summary:
Examines not only the concept of teen pregnancy and prevention, but also the costs on the community from an economic and social standpoint. Also considers the strain of raising a family on the teenage parents, and the possible negative connotations that the children involved would face.
Source Analysis:
No government or private institution funded the project so as a private venture the author can set the pace. Originally published by Rebecca Maynard in 1997 with the same title, but the latest version includes new content. The statistics have been updated through 2002, with soft focuses on issues discussed in all my other sources. How effective are current prevention techniques, what effect on children raised by teenage parents carries on, and sexuality activity trends are all included in the book. With the wide variety of subtopics considered in the book, the audience is broader than the educational resources previously discussed.
Usefulness:
The content included in the book touches on every element of the overall topic of teen pregnancy. The costs, the emotional and physical risks, and the prevention theories being discussed are all mentioned as smaller parts of the larger issue. The book extends on previous research and adds more recent statistics.
Works Cited:
Hoffman, Saul, ed. , and Rebecca Maynard. Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs & Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy. Washington, D.C: Urban Institute Press, 2008.
Smart Teens/Healthy Decisions Coalition. <http://smartteens.cfsites.org/custom.php?pageid=15906>.
Caldas, Stephen J. “Teen Pregnancy: Why it remains a serious social, economic, and education problem in the US”. Phi Delta Kappan Volume 75. 1994. <http://www.questia.co/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=L2hQYxQNrKtbxWh4TvKQz2vlnzlzDLmJjm3ZhJjZRGSrvLj62LyH!-562124216!-129032011?docId=5000177804>.
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